SYMTOMS & TREATMENT

1 in 10 young people live with depression. Know the signs. Get help.

Symtoms
Some of the signs of depression in teenagers are:
- Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness
- Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
- Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports
- Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much
- Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort
- Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain
- Anxiety, agitation or restlessness
- Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame
- Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
- Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide
- Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches
Treatment
If you or someone you know has depression there is hope. There are many options for treatment including:
Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a widely used form of psychotherapy that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. It focuses on developing coping strategies and problem-solving skills to manage symptoms of depression. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): IPT addresses interpersonal issues that may contribute to depression, such as conflicts with family or friends, life changes, or grief. It aims to improve communication skills and relationships. Psychodynamic Therapy: This therapy explores unconscious processes and past experiences that may influence current behavior and emotions. It helps individuals understand the root causes of their depression. Medication Antidepressants: These medications are commonly prescribed to treat depression. They work by balancing chemicals in the brain that affect mood. Common types include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants. Mood Stabilizers and Antipsychotics: In some cases, particularly with bipolar depression or treatment-resistant depression, doctors may prescribe mood stabilizers or antipsychotic medications in addition to antidepressants. Lifestyle Changes Regular Exercise: Physical activity can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression by releasing endorphins and enhancing overall well-being. Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in nutrients can support brain health and improve mood. Avoiding excessive alcohol and caffeine is also beneficial. Sleep Hygiene: Establishing a regular sleep schedule and creating a restful sleep environment can improve mood and energy levels. Alternative Therapies Mindfulness and Meditation: Practices such as mindfulness meditation can help individuals manage stress and improve their mood by promoting relaxation and self-awareness. Yoga: Combining physical movement, breathing exercises, and meditation, yoga can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese medicine practice may help alleviate symptoms of depression by promoting energy flow and reducing stress. Support Groups Peer Support Groups: Joining support groups provides individuals with the opportunity to share experiences, receive encouragement, and learn coping strategies from others who understand what they are going through. Family Therapy: Involving family members in therapy can improve communication and support within the family, which can be beneficial for individuals with depression. Brain Stimulation Therapies Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): ECT is used for severe depression that has not responded to other treatments. It involves electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia, which can provide rapid relief of symptoms. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): TMS uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, which can improve symptoms of depression. It is a non-invasive procedure typically used when other treatments have not been effective. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): VNS involves implanting a device that sends electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, which can help reduce symptoms of depression. Hospitalization and Intensive Outpatient Programs Inpatient Treatment: For individuals with severe depression or those at risk of harming themselves, hospitalization may be necessary to provide intensive treatment and ensure safety. Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOPs): IOPs offer structured treatment and support while allowing individuals to live at home. These programs often include therapy, medication management, and support groups.